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Real questions. Real answers, with the section cited.
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For a solid sawn 2x10 (9.25" deep), the maximum bore is 1/3 the depth, so **3-1/16"** max, and the hole must stay at least 2" from the top and bottom edges and 2" from any notch. That is the IRC rule for sawn lumber floor joists (IRC R502.8.1). You also cannot bore in the middle third of the span if you are also notching, and holes must not be closer than 2" to each other edge to edge. A few things that change the answer: - If it is an **engineered I-joist or LVL**, throw this rule out. You follow the manufacturer's hole chart (Trus Joist, Boise, Roseburg, etc.), which dictates hole size and location by depth and span. You may never cut the flanges. - If the joist is already **notched**, the bore has to clear the notch by 2" and the notch rules (R502.8.1) further restrict where you can cut. - Cantilevered joists and joists supporting concentrated loads have tighter limits, and some engineered plans call out no-bore zones regardless of code. Confirm it is solid sawn and not an I-joist or LVL before you spin the bit. If you tell me the span and whether it is at midspan or near a bearing, I can tell you if you are also clear of the notching restrictions.
